Higher Education System & Institutes of National Importance
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Education in India
Higher Education in India is one of the largest and oldest systems of higher education found anywhere in the world. As of now there are 320 Universities, of which nearly 131 are of Affiliating Universities. Besides there are deemed universities, institutions of national importance, institutes and over 15500 colleges. Together they offer a wide range of degree and diploma programs across the length and breadth of the country.
While universities, deemed universities and institutions of national importance are largely autonomous institutions entitled by law to design, develop and offer programs which they consider relevant and appropriate for the national needs, the colleges and institutes are expected to be regulated by the universities with which they are affiliated or associated with. Give the wide reach and variety of institutions and programs of higher education, a number of professional, coordinative and regulatory bodies and councils have also been established to ensure balanced and healthy growth of higher education in the country. Given below are the broad National Qualification Framework presently in vogue in the country.
UGC - University Grant Commission
The UGC, however, was formally established only in November 1956 as a statutory body of the Government of India through an Act of Parliament for the coordination, determination and maintenance of standards of university education in India. In order to ensure effective region-wise coverage throughout the country, the UGC has decentralised its operations by setting up six regional centres at Pune, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Bhopal, Guwahati and Bangalore. The head office of the UGC is located at Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg in New Delhi, with two additional bureaus operating from 35, Feroze Shah Road and the South Campus of University of Delhi as well.
Deemed Universities
http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/deemeduniv.html
List of Institutions which have been declared as Deemed to be Universities (As on 23rd June, 2008) under section 3 of the UGC Act 1956 by Ministry of Human Resource Development, Government of India, along with their MHRD/UGC approved Off-Campus(s)/ Institution(s) under Ambit/Off-Shore Campus(s).
Number of Deemed Universities is: 172
(source http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/deemeduniv.html )
UGC Affilated colleges
http://www.ugc.ac.in/inside/ugc_recog_college.html
The University Grants Commission (UGC) provides financial assistance to eligible colleges which are included under Section 2(f)* and declared fit to receive central assistance (UGC grant) under Section 12 (B)** of UGC Act, 1956 as per approved pattern of assistance under various schemes. The number of colleges included under Section 2(f)/12(B) of UGC Act 1956 as on 31.3.2006 is 6014. Out of these, 5449 colleges have been declared eligible to receive central assistance, including UGC grants under Section 12(B)** of UGC Act 1956. Remaining 565 colleges are recognized under Section 2(1) of UGC Act 1956 but not yet declared fit for receiving central assistance as they do not fulfill the conditions laid down for such status.
AICTE - All India Council for Technical Education
Technical education in India contributes a major share to the overall education system and plays a vital role in the social and economic development of our nation. In India, technical education is imparted at various levels such as: craftsmanship, diploma, degree, post-graduate and research in specialized fields, catering to various aspects of technological development and economic progress.
The beginning of formal Technical Education in India can be dated back to the mid 19 th Century. The major policy initiatives in the pre-independence period included appointment of the Indian Universities Commission in 1902, issue of the Indian Education policy resolution in 1904 and the Governor General’s policy statement of 1913 stressing the importance of Technical Education, the establishment of IISc in Bangalore, Institute for Sugar, Textile and Leather Technology in Kanpur, N.C.E. in Bengal in 1905 and Industrial schools in several provinces. Significant developments include:
- Constitution of the Technical Education Committee of the Central Advisory Board of Education (CABE) of 1943;
- Preparation of the Sergeant Report of 1944; and
- Formation of the All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) in 1945 by the Government of India
All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) was set-up in November 1945 as a national level Apex Advisory Body to conduct survey on the facilities on technical education and to promote development in the country in a coordinated and integrated manner. And to ensure the same, as stipulated in, the National Policy of Education (1986), AICTE be vested with statutory authority for planning, formulation and maintenance of norms and standards, quality assurance through accreditation, funding in priority areas, monitoring and evaluation, maintaining parity of certification and awards and ensuring coordinated and integrated development and management of technical education in the country.
The Government of India (Ministry of Human Resource Development) also constituted a National Working Group to look into the role of AICTE in the context of proliferation of technical institutions, maintenance of standards and other related matters. The Working Group recommended that AICTE be vested with the necessary statutory authority for making it more effective, which would consequently require restructuring and strengthening with necessary infrastructure and operating mechanisms. Pursuant to the above recommendations of the National Working Group, the AICTE Bill was introduced in both the Houses of Parliament and passed as the AICTE Act No. 52 of 1987. The Act came into force w.e.f. March 28, 1988. The statutory All India Council for Technical Education was established on May 12, 1988 with a view to proper planning and coordinated development of technical education system throughout the country, the promotion of qualitative improvement of such education in relation to planned quantitative growth and the regulation and proper maintenance of norms and standards in the technical education system and for matters connected therewith. The purview of AICTE (the Council) covers programmes of technical education including training and research in Engineering, Technology, Architecture, Town Planning, Management, Pharmacy, Applied Arts and Crafts, Hotel Management and Catering Technology etc. at different levels.
The AICTE comprises of nine Bureaus, namely:
- Faculty Development (FD) Bureau
- Undergraduate Education (UG) Bureau
- Postgraduate Education and Research (PGER) Bureau
- Quality Assurance (QA) Bureau
- Planning and Co-ordination (PC) Bureau
- Research and Institutional Development (RID) Bureau
- Administration (Admin) Bureau
- Finance (Fin) Bureau
- Academic (Acad.) Bureau
Institutes of National Importance
An Institute of National Importance, in India, is defined as one which serves as a pivotal player in developing highly skilled personnel within the specified region of the country/state. Only a chosen few institutes make it to this coveted list and are usually supported by the Government of India or even international institutes to develop centers of excellence in research, academics, and other such elite schools of education. In India, all of the IIT, NITs, AIIMS, NIPERs, ISIs and some other institutes as Institutes of National Importance. It is also proposed to add to the list IIMs, IISERs, IIESTs and the new AIIMS under PMSSY scheme of GOI once they are empowered by the Government of India by enacting an act in the Parliament. The admission to these institutes is solely through highly competitive examinations like the CAT/IIT-JEE/JMET/AIEEE/NIMCET etc.
Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT)
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, www.iitkgp.ernet.in
Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, www.iitb.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, www.iitk.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, www.iitm.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, www.iitd.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, www.iitr.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, www.iitg.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Patna, www.iitp.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, www.iith.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, www.iitbbs.ac.in
Indian Institute of Technology Gandhinagar, www.iitgn.ac.in
School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi, www.spa.ac.in
Indian Institute of Science (IISc)
Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, www.iisc.ernet.in
National Institute of Technology (NIT)
Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology, Allahabad, www.mnnit.ac.in
Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal, www.manit.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Calicut, www.nitc.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Durgapur, www.nitdgp.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, www.nitham.ac.in
Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, www.mnit.ac.in/
Dr B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology, Jalandhar, www.nitj.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Jamshedpur, www.nitjsr.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, www.nitkkr.ac.in
Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, www.vnit.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Patna, www.nitp.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Raipur, www.nitrr.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, www.nitrkl.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Silchar, www.nits.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Srinagar, www.nitsri.net
S V National Institute of Technology, Surat, www.svnit.ac.in
National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, www.nitk.ac.in
National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirapalli, www.nitt.edu
National Institute of Technology, Warangal, www.nitw.ac.in
Indian Statistical Institute
Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, New Delhi, Bangalore, www.isical.ac.in
National Institute of Fashion Technology (NIFT)
National Institute of Fashion Technology, New Delhi, Mumbai, Kolkata, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Chennai, Bangalore, Raebareli ,Shillong,kannur,patna,bhopal, mauritius{overseas}, www.nift.ac.in
Medical Institutes
All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, www.aiims.edu
Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, www.pgimer.nic.in
Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education & Research, Puducherry, www.jipmer.edu
Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, www.sgpgi.ac.in
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